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Go to Editorial ManagerIn today's world, Urinary Tract disorders such as obstructions whatever the causes (stricture, stones), are prevalent and can be extremely dangerous and painful for individuals. One of the most important instruments in the Urological sector for a variety of clinical diseases is the Ureteral stent, a minimally invasive surgical tool for relieving blockages and facilitating kidney-to-Bladder drainage. This review addressed the problems of biofilm formation and polymers currently available for use as new biomaterials in new Ureteral stent designs, providing a comprehensive update on recent developments in stent development. It also evaluated the various biomaterials that found application as Ureteral stents in relation to various issues such as encrustation, bacterial colonization, urinary tract infections, and related clinical issues. This study concluded with a discussion of biomaterials' potential applications and the design in the Urinary Tract.
Functionally graded material is one of the promising sectors of the material since because of the great ability to control with required product properties could be strongly used in biomedical applications exclusively in the implants sector, this review paper demonstrates briefly about the most prominent known manufacturing methods and focusing on the implants coated by FGM layer manufactured by using EPD method because the EPD has significant properties it could produce FGM layer in the Room temperature without depending on chemical reactions or heat adding, Biomedical application need highly accuracy when we deal with material that directly contact with human tissue because the heat effect could be change the biocompatibility properties and also the chemical reactions could make toxic effect on the produced implants, All these reasons make the EPD one of the favorable method for the FGM coated Implants. this paper will summarise and give the Gide line for the researcher about the most important substrate and suspension materials used in the EPD method and its application.