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Go to Editorial ManagerMany difficulties were recorded during laser-assisted tattoo removal. But most of them remain unknown. The recent literatures on laser tattoo removal focuses more on removal methods and systems than on side effects, such as temperature increase over tissue and ideal treatment parameters. This study aims to assess the surface temperature in compliance with eyebrow tattoo removal. The study was carried out for 55 patients aged between 22 and 43 years. The treatment was performed using a Nd:YAG laser (1064nm, Phi laser system) with an energy of 1000 mJ, a frequency of 3Hz, and a spot size of 8mm. The surface temperature of the skin during tattoo removal process was measured with a FLIR thermal camera. The results were analyzed by testing the normal state of distribution. The Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were used. All patients finished the full treatment of three laser sessions to achieve the goal of total removal. After temperature comparison, the results showed a significant influence of skin nature and patients' age on temperature distribution on skin, as for older patients, the energy absorption increased. Additionally, patients with darker skin tones exhibited greater absorption. The benefit of deepening understanding appeared in the Temperature distribution in the tissues of the affected area and the surrounding area during laser irradiation, as it provides a guiding and reference function for the effect of photothermal therapy.
This paper presents a study of a nonholonomic differential drive wheeled mobile robot (WMR) of the type (BOE-Bot). In this paper, two aims are presented: the first is the study of the WMR movement on a specific trajectories to get the desired goals positions and the second is the evaluation of the kinematic performance factor of the WMR movement. The kinematic model of the robot movement in terms of the robot wheels velocity is studied by making the robot to move on the desired trajectories. The determination of the actual robot centre position in two dimensions (X) and (Y) is done by tracking the movement of a red point located above the robot by using a fixed camera attached to the ceiling. The position error between the theoretical and actual WMR position vectors is studied and calculated in global and local coordinates' frames. The values of the position error percentage ratios when the robot moved on a (S-shape) trajectory were higher than its values when the robot moved on a (straight-line) trajectory because of the existence of a gyroscopic torque resulted from the WMR circular movement around an axis perpendicular to the axis of the WMR wheels rotation. Finally, the kinematic performance factor of the WMR movement is evaluated depending on the position error in the global coordinate.
A proposed modern technique for determination the blood group typing by monitoring the agglutination of red blood cells using acousto-optical technique and digital camera. The method based on analysis the digital image of the agglutination process by MATLAB software._x000D_ We present an overview of two acousto-optic sensing approaches; the first demonstrates the cuvette approach while the second is the microscope slide approach. The cuvette approach digital image analyzing depends on the green channel distribution of the original image and count the brighten pixels, while the microscope slide approach passes through series of algorithms started with grayscale filter and end with edge detection it counts the different color pixels._x000D_ The experimental result shown that it is possible to enhance the determination of blood group typing by using acousto-optical technique in both cases of using isohemagglutinating sera as well as the crossmatch test in a short time and high efficiency compared with the traditional methods.
Gait analysis can be described as a field of biomechanical engineering dealing with the subject of human locomotion. This study aimed to identify the effect of Ilizarov on gait when the presence the above-knee prosthesis. The study was made on a 50-year-old male patient was underwent correction right tibia with Ilizarov fixation due to war accident in July 2012. Also, this accident led to trans-femoral amputation. Two-dimensional gait system of a synchronized 25 Hz camera with an AMTI force platform was use for measuring gait kinematics and kinetics data while walking at a self-selected speed. These data can be used as standard measures in pathology studies, as input to theoretical joint models, and as input to mechanical joint simulators treated with Ilizarov and prosthetics.
This research focuses on enhancing the diagnostic power of the slit lamp, a fundamental ophthalmic instrument, by replacing its traditional halogen light source with a cutting-edge white laser. The objective of this modification is to significantly improve the brightness, intensity, and color accuracy, which are crucial for distinguishing fine ocular details during eye examinations. White laser technology offers a more stable, energy-efficient light source with reduced maintenance needs, making it a valuable upgrade over conventional systems. As part of this redesign, the optical system will be optimized with new filters, lenses, and heat management techniques to accommodate the white laser. Additionally, integrating a high-resolution digital camera with the enhanced illumination system is expected to provide sharper, more accurate imaging for better diagnosis. The anticipated outcome is a transformative improvement in ocular diagnostics, leading to earlier and more precise detection of eye conditions. This advancement holds promise for both patients, through better care, and ophthalmologists, through increased diagnostic efficiency. Challenges in implementation and potential solutions are also considered.
An experimental study on single bubble breakage in the stirred tank in oil as a continuous phase was carried out for a range of stirring speeds (220 to 430 rpm). The results are compared with bubble breakage in water that was conducted by Hasan et al. (2021) to investigate the effect of physical properties of continuous phase on the breakage rate. The breakage events in the impeller were captured and analyzed using a high speed camera. It was found that the breakage rate represented by breakage probability and a number of produced daughter bubbles (fragments) are directly proportional with the stirring speed. The breakage probability and number of produced daughter bubbles in oil was noticeably lower than that in water indicating the role the continuous phase viscosity plays in reducing the breakage rate.
Total hip replacement (THR) is an elective surgical procedure with the primary indication being pain relief. The aim of this study is to analyze gait dynamics for patients after they underwent a unilateral THR surgery and compare it with normal parameters. To investigate the gait dynamics a gait analysis was performed on five patients after they underwent a unilateral THR surgery; only two of them were examined before the surgery. The gait analysis was performed using a digital video camera with two force plates. Kinematics data were obtained from 2D trajectories of seven passive markers using SkillSpector software. MATLAB software has been used for inverse dynamics computation. General gait parameters, Harris Hip Score, joints’ angles, forces, moments and powers were obtained during gait cycle. It was found that the average of improvement in Harris Hip Score (for four patients who were examined 1.5, 2.5, 3 and 9 months after surgery) is 61.8 points, which is an indication of pain relief. In the other hand, the general gait parameters were found slightly lower than normal after THR surgery. The average hip reaction force was found to be 2.988 N/BW, which is within normal range. Also, the average of maximum hip extension and maximum hip flexion angles were found to be 25.69 and -13.524 degree respectively, which both are within normal ranges. Furthermore, hip, knee and ankle moments and powers results showed some abnormality. Therefore as a conclusion, patient satisfaction and functional improvement are not related to general gait parameter. And it is not unusual that gait mechanics improvement would not reach normal after months of recovery. Also, the results of gait dynamics which are from the engineer’s perspective are compatible with Harris Hip Score, which is from the physician’s perspective, in quantifying surgical results and subsequent recovery progress.