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Go to Editorial ManagerMagnetic Abrasive Finishing (MAF) process which is a non-traditional polishing technique, is suitable for variety of engineering materials, producing high quality surfaces of parts. An experimental setup study is made to carry out MAF process to improve surface layer quality and hardness of stainless steel grade 321 plate. This study uses two different magnetic pole shapes such as conical magnetic pole without grooves and conical magnetic pole with six grooves. The finally results show that the conical magnetic pole with six grooves can create best surface layer quality and improve hardness in (MAF) process. The process parameters are the applied number of pitches between grooves, finishing time, cutting speed of magnetic pole, voltage, and volume of powder (dose). The magnetic abrasive powder consisted of silicon carbide SiC, particle size 300?m, SiC (65%), it is mixed with the ferromagnetic iron particles (iron powders), particle size 300?m, Fe (35%). Taguchi matrix L18 for five input parameters with mixed level design (2-3) levels was used for designing the experiments and optimal values evaluation for all parameters to improve the hardness. By using MINITAB software data was analyzed, the results indicate that empirical equation (mathematical predicted models) represents the relation of the input parameters with the change in micro Vickers Hardness. The most significant parameters on change in hardness are volume of powder (42.34%) and number of pitches between grooves (25.30%).
Basrah is the richest town and the economic capital of Iraq. It suffers from lack of drinking water. This project is a dream to supply drinking water to Basrah citizens within WHO standards. Water should pass sedimentation and filtration stages before interring reverse osmosis unit. The design is carried out using lewaplus2 software. Several parameters should be selected in the design step membrane type, number of stages, number per element in each stage, and the recovery percentage. An optimization is carried out using Minitab ver. 18 for the acceptable limit of TDS and minimum cost and it was found that the optimum conditions were 52% for first stage, the numbers of vessels are 20 for both the first and second stage. In addition, results showed that the pressure and the total dissolved solid increase with increasing the recovery while parameters like the feed flow rate per vessel, the power, and the cost are decreasing with the recovery. Mathematical model described the cost was conducted and statistical study was also done to ensure the results.
In this paper the ability of fabricating laminate composites by manual layup was discussed. Heating method was used to manufacture the composites; heat was applied to approximately 12 hours with specific heat temperature. There were four types of laminate composites fabricated and studied in this research, containing Aluminum alloy 6061 as the common element in all types, two types of fibers; woven Carbon fiber with two different orientations: ±45°, ±60°, random fiberglass and with two types of resin; epoxy resin and polyester resin. Different types of composites were made to determine the effect of CNC milling machine to the measured surface roughness and for specified parameters. The weight fraction ratio of the fibers is 37%, polymer is 34% and 29% for Aluminum. The parameters selected are spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut. The L9 Taguchi orthogonal arrays, signal to noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are selected to determine the effect of these parameters; it was analyzed by MINITAB 17 program. The results showed that the parameter were significant more to the epoxy resin specimens than polyester resin specimens. The optimal milling parameters for good surface finish for Aluminum – Carbon fiber composite are at 3000RPM, 1200mm/min, 1.2mm, and for Aluminum – Fiberglass composite are 5000RPM, 1800 mm/min, 2.0mm.