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Go to Editorial ManagerDyes are important chemicals in industrial uses; however, they are considered hazardous materials because they accompany sewage and are one of the causes of serious diseases such as cancer if not treated properly. The aim of this study is to specify the effect of dyes on the environment and human health and to remove them from water using the photochemical agent (polyoxometalate). By studying two types of Phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) due to the good possibility of loading these acids on other materials using mixing and precipitation ways and without the need for high temperatures, as they are prepared at room temperature. They are also solid materials that are easy to separate, quickly dissolve in water, non-toxic, and do not release dangerous gases, which led to the need to use them in removing dyes, as they gave high efficiency. The research explains a comprehensive review of the use of PTA and PMA acid in Visible light-enhanced degradation of organic dye pollutants for three dyes: methylene blue, methyl orange and chromium B. Previous research is reviewed, with special emphasis on the performance of the photocatalyst, conditions that increase its efficiency, and the proposed mechanisms for the combined photocatalysts of PTA and PMA acids in developing the photocatalytic process. Finally, recent findings in this area are discussed, and possible future research continuations are suggested.
Industrial activities significantly affect the environment by releasing many organic pollutants, including industrial dyes, phenols and antibiotics, which produce wastewater. Effective removal of these substances from wastewater has appeared as a noticeable research field owing to its environmental significance. Exorbitant operational expenses and the potential generation of supplementary pollutants load conventional techniques like adsorption, membrane separation, and coagulation. Semiconductor-based photocatalysis has effectively degraded organic contaminants into less toxic or biodegradable compounds. The construction of robust visible-light-sensitive photocatalytic hybrids for environmental decontamination is an inspiring task for researchers. The exceptional photocatalytic performance of silver halides (AgX, where X is I, Cl, and Br) has recently attracted significant consideration as photocatalysts. Moreover, the combination of silver halides with other photo-active semiconductors to create efficient visible-light-driven photocatalyst heterojunctions has significantly promoted the broader application of the photocatalysis process with enhanced efficiency. Ag-silver halides/semiconductors heterojunctions have developed as crucial components in efficient composites for photocatalysis through surface plasmonic actions, helping with visible light absorption. The current study overviews the most recent Ag and silver halide-based composite photocatalysts. Additionally, it provides an essential understanding of their promoted photocatalytic performances and their main applications in organic pollutant degradation. Moreover, the photocatalytic mechanisms and environmental applications of AgI and composites were discussed.