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Go to Editorial ManagerAn overview of electro-osmosis (EO) and electrokinetic (EK) soil treatment methods is provided in this paper, along with their impact on pile capacity, installation, and foundation shear strength after improving the geotechnical properties of weak soils, particularly soft clays. As a result of their low shear strength, high compressibility, and poor drainage characteristics, soft clayey soils pose significant challenges in civil engineering. With EO and EK, pore water and ions are moved through the soil matrix under an applied electric field, resulting in consolidation, increased shear strength, and reduced plasticity. This review explores the fundamental principles of EO and EK, including the mechanisms of water transport, ion migration, and electrochemical reactions. It examines various electrode configurations, treatment parameters, and their influence on soil improvement. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the effects of EO treatment on pile capacity, considering both the increase in soil strength and the reduction in pore water pressure during installation. The impact on pile installation methods, such as reducing driving resistance and improving grout penetration, is also discussed. Finally, the review investigates the enhancement of foundation shear strength through improved soil properties achieved by EO/EK treatment. By synthesizing existing research, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential benefits and limitations of EO and EK methods for ground improvement in soft clayey soils, offering valuable insights for future research and practical applications in geotechnical engineering.
Gypseous soils are usually stiff when they are dry especially because of the cementation of soil particles by gypsum, but great loss in strength and sudden increase in compressibility occur when these soils are fully or partially saturated. The dissolution of the cementing gypsum causes high softening of soil. The problem becomes more complicated when water flows through the gypseous soil causing leaching and movement of gypsum. This study examines the improvement of gypseous soil properties using the Silicone oil to minimize the effect of moisture on these soils. This study was conducted on artificial gypseous soil (mixture of 30% Silber sand & 70 % Pure Gypsum) treated with silicone oil in different percentages. The reason for use the silicone oil as an additive to study the gypseous soil properties is due to the leakages of oil products from oil refinery in north of Iraq build on gypseous soil, this oil products infiltrate to the foundation soil of the refinery building facilities. _x000D_ The results showed that the Silicone oil is a good material to modify the basic properties of the gypseous soil of collapsibility and shear strength, which are the main problems of this soil and retained the soil by an appropriate amount of the cohesion suitable for carrying the loads from the structure.
Most of the soils suffered from significant geotechnical problems dependent on factors like the type of soil, soil composition and mineralogy. Specifically, the problems related to mechanical and physical properties of soils. Several studies have been used to mitigate the adverse effects of soils through using either additive conventional materials such as cement, lime or these soils blending with produced material and chemical materials. This paper focuses on stabilizing or improving different soils using sustainable materials. These materials provided environmental and economic benefits while mitigating a health hazard, storage problems, and a potential pollution source. They can be classified according to these sources into four groups: industrial waste (by-products), agriculture waste, domestic waste and mineral waste. According to the results of this review, compaction characteristics, California bearing ratio and unconfined compressive strength have been studied and discussed in this paper.