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Go to Editorial ManagerThe depleting of the conventional sources of energy and the excess use of HCF components lead to the need for new techniques both for conservation of energy sources for the future and for decreasing the its harmful effects on the environment. This study investigated the adsorption capabilities of activated carbon. The adsorption of methanol on this substance was tested for their application in the adsorption refrigeration system based on solar energy._x000D_ Adsorption refrigeration system has been designed and manufactured with the energy source being solar energy. Methanol/activated carbon pairs have been used in experiments. The present work focused on the performance of the adsorption refrigeration system considering the temperature attained in the evaporator and the cooled spaced cabinet. The amounts of activated carbon used was (8 kg), while the amount of methanol were (1, 1.25, and 1.5) kg. The experiments were done in different days of the year. The amount of adsorption of methanol (as a result of decreasing the evaporator and cooled spaced temperature) was found to depend on the generator pressure and its increase as the primary generator pressure decreases. The best mass of methanol used was (1 kg) which give the lowest temperature obtained at the evaporative surface was ( 3.4 oC ) at the day ( 4/4/2017 ). The results shown that even in cloudy days there is a benefit from using such a system because the temperature attained is enough to start the adsorption process. The lowest temperature obtained at the evaporative surface was (3.4 oC) at the day (4/4/2017) for methanol mass of (1 kg) at an opening time of the valve between the evaporator and the generator (9:30am). The increase of methanol amount used in the experiment led to a good decrease in temperature attained in cooled spaced, but this is related to the time of connecting the evaporator and generator.
This paper displays the improvement of Graphical User Interface programming for sizing principle segment in Stand-Alone PV system and PV- Diesel hybrid power system based on Iraq conditions. The solar system software is a tool depends on the input data by the user to give correct results on the basis of what has been introduced. Therefore, this software tool Includes products (PV modules, charge controller, inverter, battery and diesel generator) which can be obtained from the market with their detail. This software presents a guideline for photovoltaic system integrator to match the load requirement to design the effective size of components and system configuration, in hybrid PV–Diesel system. The ratio of photovoltaic solar energy to diesel generators is introduced by considering the contribution of hybrid system energy.
Due to the Kurdistan regional government-KRG district mission potential towards huge solar energy power generation plant investments by global investors, a genuine study is required to explore the impact of PV-panels installation angles on power generation gain within all seasons duration as the KRG located in four season area which, affect the annual total power gain due to daylight duration effect in each season. The proposed study was conducted within a duration of “513” days utilizing three PV tilt installation angle tests of “ 30⁰, 35⁰, and 40⁰ ” with “ 545 watts single side PV plates” selecting the Erbil district area gaining a crucial role in maximizing energy output for comparison, Results presented a significant variation in power gain due to deviations in annual effective daylight duration effectively mostly a reduction in cold seasons within 25%-37.7% drops compared to the hot season, while the sunset and sunrise duration presented a significant influence of 5%-10% drops in power generated. The season change shows a significant influence of weather variation in each calendar on power gain annually. The installation orientation angle impact presented divergence in production within the cold season only. Process output can potentially unlock a novelty awareness of the investors toward innovative yield project optimization in the area as it will affect the annual power purchasing influence and production divergence with interest.
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques are essential for maximizing energy extraction from photovoltaic (PV) systems under diverse environmental conditions. This paper reviews three widely used MPPT methods Perturb and Observe (P&O), Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) highlighting their effectiveness in addressing challenges such as temperature fluctuations, varying irradiance, and shading. The P&O method is noted for its simplicity and low computational requirements, but it suffers from oscillations around the maximum power point under rapidly changing conditions. FLC offers enhanced adaptability and robustness by mimicking human decision-making, performing well in dynamic environments with moderate complexity. ANN-based methods demonstrate superior tracking efficiency and fast convergence, particularly under complex and highly variable conditions, due to their ability to learn and generalize from data. These findings underscore the importance of continued development of MPPT techniques, especially intelligent and hybrid approaches, to meet the growing demand for sustainable energy. Thus, solar energy remains a highly viable solution for modern energy needs.
Hydrogen fuel is a good alternative to fossil fuels. It can be produced using a clean energy without contaminated emissions. This work is concerned with experimental study on hydrogen production via solar energy. Hybrid photovoltaic thermal system (PV/T) is used to convert solar radiation to electrical and thermal energy. The electrical energy is used to analyze water into hydrogen and oxygen by using alkaline water electrolyzer with stainless steel electrodes. The absorbed thermal energy is used to heat circulating water inside the copper serpentine pipe fixed on the back surface of the PV panel. A perforated pipe connected on the upper edge of PV panel is used to spray a thin layer of water on the PV panel surface for auxiliary cooling and improve the generated electrical power. The hydrogen production system is tested at different temperature of electrolysis water (40, 45, 50, 55, 60)?C. The experimental results show that the PV module electrical efficiency is improved by (14.31)%. while the power generated was enhanced by (3.94 to 15.40)%. The maximum hydrogen production rate is 153.3 ml/min, the efficiency of the system is 20.88% and the total amount of hydrogen produced in one day is 220.752 liter.